PDF , 1. PDF , KB , 41 pages. It sets out the legal duties you must follow to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and young people under the age of 18 in schools and colleges.
All school and college staff should read part 1 of this guidance. Part 1 of the guidance is also available as a standalone document. We have also published guidance on disqualification under the Childcare Act Statutory guidance sets out what schools must do to comply with the law.
You should follow the guidance unless you have a good reason not to. Further detailed information about sexual violence and sexual harassment can be found at sexual violence and sexual harassment between children in schools and colleges. The September version of the keeping children safe in education guidance is now in force and replaces previous versions.
Comments: 1, What is lacking in this computation isthe reinforcement to com: plete the CHB work, this item will be treated separately under the rei forcement topic in Chapter 3. Meuse to 30 C, Plasteringof the fence to ground line only 2. Referring to Table using class B mixture Multiply: Cement : x. Cement: 1. Gravel: 1. CHB Footing 1, Total length of the fence less the space occupied by the post footings. Note: The number of post is 19 pcs. Footing Multiply: Cement ; Gravel Concrete Post 1.
Solve for the volume 20 x 20 x 2. From Table using class " cement mixture 40 kg. Gravel ; 1. Plast 1g of the Post if necessary 1. Cement Mortar 1, Referring to Table using class 40 kg. Multiply Cement: Cement Plaster, 1. Gravel 9. The consultant without hesitation replied,. I'm certain and sure for it is already a proven fact sir. Upon reaching home, the consultant felt so disturbed ha- ving assured his client of something that he has not proven for himself yet.
Prepare a com- parative bill of materials for both CHB and a reinforced for the same wall. Fora x 20 x 40cm. CHB wall 1. Referring to Table , multiply: x Cement Mortar 1. Referring to Table using class 40 kg. Summary Concrete Hollow Block 15 cm. Reinforced Concrete Wall 1.
Gravel: 48 x 1. At this point of computation, the consultant stood up and prepared for a cup of coffee then return to his table and made the following Tabulation: For CHE Wall For Reinforced Concrete Wall 1sem. If plywood form will be used, 4 of the wall area will r For reinforcement size and spacing, what is acceptable to CHB wall is more acceptable to a solid concrete. The cost is even or the same. For CHB wall, what is needed is lumber guide and scaf- folding for the masons support in block laying.
On the otherhand, the reinforced concrete wall requires forms, frames and braces. Pour- ing of concrete could be done by sections. Plastering of the reinforced concrete wall is minimal considering the fine finished surface of the concrete wall when plywood form is used. In terms of strength and durability, reinforced con- crete is preferred than the CHB. Make canvass of the prices of the materials listed plus your good analysis, your choice and conclusion might as well agree or disagree with that of the consultant.
Seceae eaiceo mm. In this, table, the cement and sand for mortar and plastering is deter- mined per hundred pieces of CHB not by the square area me- thod as previously presented.
Determine the area of the fence 2. Referring to Table Multiply: CHB: x From Table 25 Multiply: 40 kg. Cement x 6. Cement Plaster One Face 1. From Table Multipl 40 kg. Cement x 1. For our estimating aid Table was prepared to simplify the preparation of the materials required for block laying such as the quantity of cement, sand and grav The idea in manufacturing the concrete hollow blocks with two cals isto fill the hollow core with concrete not just by a mortar for reasons of strength and economy.
The required quantity of gravel to fill the core was already in- corporated in Table TABLE 2. Adobe Stone is ordinarily used as fencing materials as subs- titute to the concrete hollow blocks for economic reasons.
Late- ly, the used of adobe stone was no longer limited to the ordina- ry zocalo and fencing work but also extensively used as finish- ing and decorative purposes for the exterior and interior of building structures, : FIGURE The use of adobe stone for buttresses, cross footings, fen- ces and stairs minimizes the use of mortar filler-as-that of the concrete hollow block cells. Plastering is sometimes disregarded to avail of the natural texture of the stone. Number of coal of Buttress sone.
Fano inem. Adobe Stone Fence 1. Determine the net length of the fence minus the space occupied by the buttresses Solve for the net area Total height of the four posts 2. From Table using 30 x 45 Buttress Multiply: 8. Determine the length of the fence less the area occu- pied by the buttress footing Multiply by 6 stone per meter length Buttress post and Footing - pes.
Referring to Table 2. Cement Plaster: One Face 1. Determine the total surface area of the wall plus the surface area of the buttress to be plastered cu. From Table , multiply Cement: Multiply the result by two if two sides are to be plastered.
Cement: 5. These construction materials had been widely used for ventilation and decorative purposes. Although there are un- limited number of types and design available in the market, only few were presented to serve as a visual aid in this study of estimates. Table shows the number of blocks per square meter including the cement and sand for mortar per blocks. It is an excellent part ner of concrete in resisting both tension and compression stres- es. Comparatively, steel is ten times stronger than concrete in resisting compression load and hundred times stronger in tensile stresses The design of concrete assumes that concrete and steel re- inforcement act together in resisting load and likewise to be in the state of simultaneous deformation, otherwise, the steel bars might slip from the concrete in the absence of sufficient bond due to excessive load, In order to provide a high degree of sufficient bond bet- ween the two materials, steel reinforcing bars with a surface d formation in various design were introduced Types of Deformed Bars FIGURE 3.
Types of Reinforcement Minimum Splice Length 1. Solution 1. Classification of the reinforcement is under tension 2. Difficult in the sense that it requires patience and deeper analysis in computing the actual number of bars re- quired to be used in every part of the structures. Estimating is done in a systematic approach, that is by computing the quanti- ty of each member one at a time, item by item then summa rized the results according to its size and quantity in conformity with the commercial length of steel bars to avoid excesses and unnecessary cutting.
Under such condition the following problems has to be anticipated. For other structural member such as lateral ties, stir- ups, spirals, dowels, cut bars and the like should be treated separately and carefully determine the length of their cuts including the allowances for hook and bend.
After knowing the length of the lateral ties, stirrups, etc. The cut- ting length of each tie wire should be to the minimum required based from the diameter of the bars to be tied. The size and spacing of the CHB reinforcement depends upon the plan and speci cations which is the basis of the estimate. By the Direct Counting Method 2. But, how many plans have presented a detailed drawing for steel reinforce- ment? TABLE 3.
Block Sq. Layers Block Sq. Vertical reinforcement at 80 cm. Referring to Table by the square meter or area method. Multiply: 12x 1. Select the most economical length avoiding extra cut. Select: 4 pes. Horizontal bars at every after 3 layers From Table , multiply: 12x 2. Select: 4 pcs 5. Referring to Table 3. Multiply: x 0. The length of each tie wire depends upon the size of the bars to be tied on. Tie wire is one item of the construction which is always inclu- ded in the bill of materials without the support of computa- tions, its quantity is mostly determined by the estimator through mere calculations which is somewhat alright for a small work but not for a large construction involving multiple floors.
The imaginary estimate for tie wire will never give a satisfac- tory result. CHB Reinforcement Tie Wire - The common size of steel reinforcement for concrete hollow blocks are either 10 mm, 12 mm or 13 mm depending upon the plan and specifications. For those particular size of reinforcement, a 25 cm. Determine the number of CHB 12 x Hua Hidari Yang. Saravanan Karthigeyan. Rafael Leong. Humam Ghazal. On some Ramanujan formulas: mathematical connections with various equations concerning some sectors of Particle Physics and Black Hole Physics.
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